Mite-y Fine Beekeeping with Oxalic Acid 🐝

Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that naturally occurs in various plants, including rhubarb, spinach, and almonds. It is also synthetically produced for numerous industrial applications.

Manufacture:

Oxalic acid can be produced through different methods, such as:

 * Oxidation of carbohydrates: This is the primary industrial technique, involving the oxidation of carbohydrates like sugar or starch using nitric acid or air.

 * Oxidation of ethylene glycol: Ethylene glycol, commonly used as antifreeze, can be oxidized to create oxalic acid.

 * Fungal fermentation: Certain fungi can generate oxalic acid as a metabolic byproduct.

Danger:

Oxalic acid is hazardous if consumed or inhaled. It may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Ingestion can result in kidney damage and potentially fatal outcomes in severe cases. Thus, handling oxalic acid requires caution and proper safety measures.

Use in Beehives:

Oxalic acid is employed to manage Varroa mites, which are significant pests for honey bees. It disrupts the mites' metabolism, causing their death. It is most effective when applied to beehives during broodless periods, typically in late fall or early spring.

Application Methods:

 * Drizzle method: A sugar solution with oxalic acid is drizzled over the bees inside the hive.

 * Vaporization: Oxalic acid is heated to create a vapor that is introduced into the hive.

 * Sublimation: Oxalic acid is heated until it sublimates (changes directly from solid to gas), and the gas is introduced into the hive.

Important Note:

It's essential to adhere to the manufacturer's instructions and local regulations when using oxalic acid in beehives. Incorrect usage can harm both the bees and the environment.